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How to Fly a Holding Pattern

A racetrack in the sky — 1-minute legs at the fix.

1. The shape

A standard hold is a racetrack with right-hand turns. You cross the fix, turn 180° right onto the outbound leg (1 minute), turn 180° right again, and track back to the fix. Non-standard holds turn left; the chart will tell you which.

FIXOutbound 1 minInbound to fixStandard right-turn hold

2. Entry types

There are three entry types depending on the angle you arrive at the fix relative to the inbound course: Direct (within 70° of the hold side), Parallel (opposite side), and Teardrop. Draw the hold on a mental clock and pick the entry that puts you back on the inbound course quickest.

3. Timing and wind

Time the outbound leg from wings-level. Adjust the outbound time so the inbound leg is exactly 1 minute (1.5 minutes above 14,000 ft). If the wind is pushing you off the racetrack, triple your inbound wind correction on the outbound leg.